September is Oral Health Month in South Africa, a time to raise awareness about the importance of good oral hygiene and access to dental care.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), oral diseases are a major public health issue in the country.
The WHO’s recent report on the global burden of oral disease reveals some concerning statistics for South Africa.
In 2019, it was estimated that 28.5% of the population over 5 years old had untreated tooth decay in their permanent teeth. The situation is even more dire for children, with 38.6% of 1 to 9-year-olds affected by untreated decay in their baby teeth.
Additionally, nearly 25% of teenagers in South Africa suffer from severe gum disease. Oral cancer is also a significant problem, with around 1 933 new cases of lip and oral cavity cancer reported in 2020.
The statistics highlight the oral health crisis facing South Africa. Many people, especially those in low-income communities, lack access to regular dental check-ups and treatment.
In South Africa, gum disease has become a widespread issue, ranking second only to the common cold in prevalence. An estimated 90% of South Africans experience some form of gum disease at some point in their lives.
The alarming statistic aligns with findings from the World Health Organization (WHO), which stated that oral diseases are among the most common noncommunicable diseases worldwide, affecting around 3.5 billion people.
The burden of the diseases is rising in low and middle-income countries.
The impact of gum disease goes beyond oral health. Research has linked it to serious health conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular issues and infertility. Improved oral health can also lead to better outcomes for pregnant women and individuals dealing with arthritis, diabetes and other systemic diseases.
Dirna Grobbelaar, an oral hygiene adviser for Ivohealth and a member of the Oral Hygienists Association of South Africa (Ohasa), noted that many people are unaware they have gum disease.
“Although the symptoms can be subtle, gum disease is a serious condition that can lead to a cascade of other health issues,” she said.
Visible signs of gum disease include redness, swelling or bleeding gums.
Grobbelaar said: “Bleeding gums are never ‘normal’. While some may think it’s due to using the ‘wrong’ brush or floss, in most cases, it signifies gingivitis, the early stage of gum disease.”
The good news is that gingivitis is treatable and reversible. However, if left untreated, it can escalate into periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can result in bone and tooth loss.
“Gum disease is best prevented, and the earlier you intervene, the better,” Grobbelaar advised.
What’s your risk of gum disease?
Certain individuals are at a higher risk for gum disease, including diabetics, those experiencing dry mouth (medically known as xerostomia), and people with a family history of oral issues.
“Gum disease can run in families,” Grobbelaar said. “If your parents or siblings have been diagnosed with gingivitis or periodontitis, you might be at a higher risk too.”
She stressed the importance of being aware of your family history and taking extra care with oral hygiene. Regular dental check-ups can help identify early signs of gum disease.
Prevention strategies
Preventing gum disease involves maintaining a balanced diet and a consistent daily oral care routine.
“Even the best brusher can miss areas. In addition to daily care, professional cleanings every six months can help remove plaque and tartar you may have missed,” Grobbelaar said.
Treating gum disease at home
If caught early, gum disease can potentially be treated at home. Grobbelaar suggested that if you notice any sensitivity or bleeding, you should follow a strict oral hygiene routine for a week, which includes:
Brushing twice daily: Use fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush. Brush twice a day for at least 2 minutes each time. Use a soft brush with a small head.
Flossing daily: This helps remove plaque from between your teeth. If you find flossing too difficult, try an oral irrigator.
Rinsing with mouthwash: Opt for an antibacterial mouthwash to help reduce plaque.
Staying hydrated: Drink plenty of water to promote saliva production, which naturally protects your teeth and gums.